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H.O.P.E. (non-profit org) (International
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China's
family planning policy combines government guidance
with the wishes of the masses. The basic
requirements of family planning are late marriages
and late child-bearing, so as to have fewer, but
healthier, babies, especially one child per couple.
But a flexible family planning policy is adopted for
rural people and ethnic minorities; in rural areas,
couples may have second baby in exceptional cases,
but must wait several years after the birth of the
first child.
In
areas inhabited by minority peoples, each ethnic
group may work out different regulations in
accordance with its wish, population, natural
resources, economy, culture and customs: In general,
a couple may have a second baby or a third child in
some places. As for ethnic minorities with
extremely small populations, a couple may have as
many children as they want.
Profound
changes have taken place in the people's viewpoints
on marriage, childbearing and the family. Late
marriage, late childbearing and fewer but healthier
babies are the accepted norms of the most people in
China. Now the people have a common
understanding that there is no difference between a
son or a daughter.
It has
become a custom to set up a small happy, harmonious
family, and pursue a scientific and civilized
lifestyle. Meanwhile, family planning has
helped Chinese women get rid of the burden of
frequent childbearing and the heavy family burden
after marriage, thus raising women's status and
improving the health of both mothers and children.
China's
family planning policy combines government guidance
with the wishes of the masses. The basic
requirements of family planning are late marriages
and late child-bearing, so as to have fewer, but
healthier, babies, especially one child per couple.
But a flexible family planning policy is adopted for
rural people and ethnic minorities; in rural areas,
couples may have second baby in exceptional cases,
but must wait several years after the birth of the
first child.
In
areas inhabited by minority peoples, each ethnic
group may work out different regulations in
accordance with its wish, population, natural
resources, economy, culture and customs: In general,
a couple may have a second baby or a third child in
some places. As for ethnic minorities with
extremely small populations, a couple may have as
many children as they want.
Profound
changes have taken place in the people's viewpoints
on marriage, childbearing and the family. Late
marriage, late childbearing and fewer but healthier
babies are the accepted norms of the most people in
China. Now the people have a common
understanding that there is no difference between a
son or a daughter.
It has
become a custom to set up a small happy, harmonious
family, and pursue a scientific and civilized
lifestyle. Meanwhile, family planning has
helped Chinese women get rid of the burden of
frequent childbearing and the heavy family burden
after marriage, thus raising women's status and
improving the health of both mothers and children.
American
Teenage Activist Appeals on Tiananmen Square
A 13-year-old U.S
boy, Jonathan Lee, who is campaigning for a peace
park, was released from Chinese detention along with
his mother, after staging a brief protest near
Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
He is asking the China to support:
1.The end of the Korean War with the signing of a
peace treaty between the two Koreas and the U.S.
2.A nuclear free Korean peninsula.
3.The creation of a Children's Peace Forest in the
DMZ. It's motto is Above Politics, Above Borders,
Above Conflicts, Above Ideology. It's all about
giving hope to people and children around the world.
More......
China has
340 million families, with 3.63 people per
household on average. In general, a Chinese
family is composed of a couple and their children,
but big families with three or more generations
can also be found in China. Along with the
pursuit of personal freedom, the trend of forming
small families with only directly related members
is now prevalent.
In the past,
each Chinese family had a "head," who
had absolute authority at home, and had the final
say in family affairs. But now in most
Chinese families, the husband and wife, or a
couple with other family members, work out
together the household plans, and decide family
affairs through consultation.
Moreover, family members share the housework,
making the division of labor at home more
reasonable; and the husband and wife support each
other's work.
The Chinese
people have the tradition of respecting the old
and loving the young. Though many young
couples do not live with their parents, they
maintain close contact with them. Grown up
children have the duty to support and help their
parents. The Chinese people attach great
importance to relations between family members and
relatives, and cherish their parents, children,
brothers and sister, uncles, aunts and other
relatives.
China has 340
million families, with 3.63 people per household on
average. In general, a Chinese family is
composed of a couple and their children, but big
families with three or more generations can also be
found in China. Along with the pursuit of
personal freedom, the trend of forming small
families with only directly related members is now
prevalent.
In the past,
each Chinese family had a "head," who had
absolute authority at home, and had the final say in
family affairs. But now in most Chinese
families, the husband and wife, or a couple with
other family members, work out together the
household plans, and decide family affairs through
consultation.
Moreover, family members share the housework, making
the division of labor at home more reasonable; and
the husband and wife support each other's work.
The Chinese
people have the tradition of respecting the old and
loving the young. Though many young couples do
not live with their parents, they maintain close
contact with them. Grown up children have the
duty to support and help their parents. The
Chinese people attach great importance to relations
between family members and relatives, and cherish
their parents, children, brothers and sister,
uncles, aunts and other relatives.
China has 340
million families, with 3.63 people per household on
average. In general, a Chinese family is
composed of a couple and their children, but big
families with three or more generations can also be
found in China. Along with the pursuit of
personal freedom, the trend of forming small
families with only directly related members is now
prevalent.
In the past,
each Chinese family had a "head," who had
absolute authority at home, and had the final say in
family affairs. But now in most Chinese
families, the husband and wife, or a couple with
other family members, work out together the
household plans, and decide family affairs through
consultation.
Moreover, family members share the housework, making
the division of labor at home more reasonable; and
the husband and wife support each other's work.
The Chinese
people have the tradition of respecting the old and
loving the young. Though many young couples do
not live with their parents, they maintain close
contact with them. Grown up children have the
duty to support and help their parents. The
Chinese people attach great importance to relations
between family members and relatives, and cherish
their parents, children, brothers and sister,
uncles, aunts and other relatives.
China is a united multi-ethnic
nation of 56 ethnic groups. According to the
fourth national census, taken in 1990, the Han
people made up 91.96% of the country's total
population, and the other 55 ethnic groups, 8.04%.
As the majority of the population is of the Han
ethnic group, China's other ethnic groups are
customarily referred to as the national minorities.
The Han people can be found
throughout the country, though mainly on the middle
and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yangtze
River and the Pearl River valleys and the Northeast
plain. The national minorities, though fewer
in number, are also scattered over a vast areas, and
can be found in approximately 64.3 percent of China,
mainly distributed in the border regions from
northeast China to north, northwest, and southwest
China.
Yunnan Province, home
to more than 20 ethnic groups, has the greatest
diversity of minority people in China. In most
of China's cities and county town, two or more ethic
groups live together. Taking shape over
China's long history, this circumstance of different
ethic groups "living together in one area while
still living in individual compact communities in
special areas: continues to provide the practical
basis for political, economic and cultural
intercourse between the Han and the various minority
peoples, and for the functioning of the autonomous
national minority areas system.
China is a united multi-ethnic
nation of 56 ethnic groups. According to the
fourth national census, taken in 1990, the Han
people made up 91.96% of the country's total
population, and the other 55 ethnic groups, 8.04%.
As the majority of the population is of the Han
ethnic group, China's other ethnic groups are
customarily referred to as the national minorities.
The Han people can be found
throughout the country, though mainly on the middle
and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yangtze
River and the Pearl River valleys and the Northeast
plain. The national minorities, though fewer
in number, are also scattered over a vast areas, and
can be found in approximately 64.3 percent of China,
mainly distributed in the border regions from
northeast China to north, northwest, and southwest
China.
Yunnan Province, home
to more than 20 ethnic groups, has the greatest
diversity of minority people in China. In most
of China's cities and county town, two or more ethic
groups live together. Taking shape over
China's long history, this circumstance of different
ethic groups "living together in one area while
still living in individual compact communities in
special areas: continues to provide the practical
basis for political, economic and cultural
intercourse between the Han and the various minority
peoples, and for the functioning of the autonomous
national minority areas system.
65 years and over: 8.6%
(male 55,287,997/female 59,713,369) (2010 est.)
Median age:
total: 35.2
years
male: 34.5
years
female: 35.8
years (2010 est.)
Population
growth rate:
0.494% (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world:153
Birth rate:
12.17 births/1,000 population
(2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world:164
Death rate:
6.89 deaths/1,000 population
(July 2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world:143
Net migration rate:
-0.34 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2010 est.)
country
comparison to the world:102
Urbanization:
urban population: 43%
of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.7%
annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.14
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.17
male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.06
male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.93
male(s)/female
total population: 1.06
male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Infant
mortality rate:
total: 16.51
deaths/1,000 live births
country
comparison to the world:
115
male: 15.84
deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.27
deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
Life
expectancy at birth:
total population: 74.51
years
country
comparison to the world:
92
male: 72.54
years
female: 76.77
years (2010 est.)
Total
fertility rate:
1.54 children born/woman (2010
est.)
country
comparison to the world:182
HIV/AIDS -
adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world:115
HIV/AIDS -
people living with HIV/AIDS:
700,000 (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world:17
HIV/AIDS -
deaths:
39,000 (2007 est.)
country
comparison to the world:15
Major
infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial
diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: Japanese
encephalitis and dengue fever
soil contact disease: hantaviral
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
animal contact disease: rabies
note:
highly
pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been
identified in this country; it poses a negligible
risk with extremely rare cases possible among US
citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Chinese
(singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese
Ethnic groups:
Han Chinese 91.5%, Zhuang,
Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uyghur, Tujia, Yi, Mongol,
Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and other
nationalities 8.5% (2000 census)
Equality,
unity, mutual help and common prosperity are the
basic principles of the Chinese government in
handling the relations between ethnic groups.
The Constitution of the PRC specifies that all ethic
groups are equal. The state guarantees the
lawful rights and interests of the minority peoples.
Discrimination against or oppression of any ethnic
group is prohibited; all acts that undermine the
unity of the ethnic groups or create division among
them are forbidden. Big ethnic group
chauvinism, mainly Han-chauvinism, or chauvinism in
a local level, is banned. Every ethnic group
has the freedom to use its own spoken and written
languages, and to retain or changes its customs.
In accordance
with these basic policies, China practices a system
whereby national minorities exercise regional
autonomy. Where national minorities live in
compact communities autonomous organs of
self-government are established under the unified
leadership of the Central Government.
The
minority people shall exercise autonomous rights, be
masters in their own areas and administer the
internal affairs of their ethnic group. The
National Minority Regional Autonomy Law adopted in
984 by the Second Session of the Sixth National
People's Congress provides specific guidelines for
guaranteeing that the constitutionally decreed
national minority regional autonomy system is
carried out.
In
addition to five autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region, founded on May 1, 1947; Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region, founded on October 1, 1955;
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, founded on March
5, 1958; Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, founded on
October 25, 1958; and Tibet Autonomous Region,
founded on September 9, 1965), China currently has
30 autonomous prefectures and 120 autonomous
counties (or in some cases "banners"), in
addition to more than 1,300 ethnic townships.
Self-government is autonomous national minority
areas is affected through the people's congress and
people's government at the particular local level.
The chairperson or vice-chairperson of the standing
committee of the people's congress and the
head of the government of an autonomous region,
autonomous prefecture or autonomous county should be
from the area's designated minority people.
Organs of
self-government is regional autonomous areas enjoy
extensive self-government rights beyond those held b
other state organs at the same level. These
include enacting regulations on autonomy and special
regulations corresponding to local political,
economic and culture conditions, having independent
control of the local revenue, and independently
arranging and managing construction, education,
science, culture, public health and other local
undertakings.
The
Central Government has greatly assisted in the
training of minority cadres and technicians through
the establishment of national minority universities.
It has, in addition, supplied the national minority
autonomous areas with large quantities of financial
aid and material resources in order to promote their
economic and cultural development.
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