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China's
Main Page
Transportation
in China
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 Since
the founding of the PRC in 1949, China has formed a
comprehensive transportation system comprehending
railways, highways, civil aviation and water
transport and a posts and telecommunications network
accessible from all directions.
As
the market economy system was established after the
initiation of the policies of reform and opening to
the outside world in 1978, historic changes took
place in transport, posts and telecommunications -
they have developed quickly and are heading for
openness and competition, emerging from a
closed and monopolistic state.
By
the end of 1998, the total length of transportation
lines in China had reached 2.98 million km, 16 times
and 2.4 times the lengths in 1949 and 1978
respectively; the total length of optical cable
lines had reached 173,000 km from zero in 1978.
In 1978, there were no mobile telecommunications in
China; however by the end of 1998, the nation's
total mobile phone exchange capacity had reached
43.65 million users.
Mobile
telecommunications have developed to the extent of
using analog and digital networks, and realized
automatic roaming with some countries and regions.
Data telecommunications have grown from nothing to
the stage of having an efficient network. The
level of technical equipment of transport, posts and
telecommunications is continuously rising.
By
the end of 1998, the length of double-track railways
had reached 19,642 km, with a
double-track rate of 33.6 percent, a nearly 18
percentage points increase over 1978; and the length
of electrified lines had reached 13,022 km, with an
electrification rate of 22.3 percent, a 20.3
percentage points increase over 1978.
Developing
from nothing, the length of expressways has reached
6,258 km. The
numbers of railway engines, civil vehicles, motor
transport ships and airplanes have all doubled or
redoubled. New berths at major harbors total
1,201, of which 312 are 10,000-ton-class berths, and
the number of new civil airports is 90. With
the improvement of transport capacity and expansion
of posts and telecommunications, transport, posts
and telecommunications have developed by leaps and
bounds.
In
1998, the various transport means carried 3785.5
billion tons/km of freight and 1055.9 billion
person/km - 3.9 times and six times increases over
1978 respectively. The posts and
telecommunications volume totaled 243.1 billion yuan,
78.7 times the 1.165 billion yuan in 1978 in
constant prices.
More...
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Airports:
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482
(2009)
country
comparison to the world:
15 |
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Airports
- with paved runways:
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total:
425
over
3,047 m: 63
2,438
to 3,047 m: 132
1,524
to 2,437 m: 133
914 to
1,523 m: 25
under
914 m: 72
(2009)
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Airports
- with unpaved runways:
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total:
57
over
3,047 m: 3
2,438
to 3,047 m: 5
1,524
to 2,437 m: 10
914 to
1,523 m: 13
under
914 m: 26
(2009)
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Heliports:
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45
(2009)
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Pipelines:
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gas
32,545 km; oil 20,097 km; refined products 10,915
km (2009)
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Railways:
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total:
77,834
km
country
comparison to the world:
3
standard
gauge: 77,084
km 1.435-m gauge (24,433 km electrified)
narrow
gauge: 750
km 0.750-m gauge (2008)
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Roadways:
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total:
3,583,715
km (includes 53,913 km of expressways) (2007)
country
comparison to the world:
2 |
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Waterways:
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110,000
km navigable (2008)
country
comparison to the world:
1 |
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Merchant
marine:
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total:
1,826
country
comparison to the world:
3
by
type: barge
carrier 4, bulk carrier 451, cargo 689, carrier 2,
chemical tanker 69, combination ore/oil 1,
container 162, liquefied gas 44, passenger 8,
passenger/cargo 83, petroleum tanker 244,
refrigerated cargo 33, roll on/roll off 10,
specialized tanker 9, vehicle carrier 17
foreign-owned:
20
(Ecuador 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 12, Indonesia 1,
Japan 2, South Korea 1, Norway 1)
registered
in other countries: 1,441
(Bahamas 10, Bangladesh 1, Belize 71, Bermuda 10,
Bolivia 1, Cambodia 193, Cyprus 10, France 5,
Georgia 10, Germany 2, Honduras 3, Hong Kong 324,
India 1, Indonesia 2, Kiribati 15, South Korea 1,
Liberia 11, Malta 12, Marshall Islands 7, Mongolia
1, Norway 36, Panama 532, Philippines 4, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines 94, Sierra Leone 15,
Singapore 14, Thailand 1, Tuvalu 16, unknown 39)
(2008)
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Ports
and terminals:
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Dalian,
Guangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai,
Shenzhen, Tianjin
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